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In aviation, a class rating is an allowance to fly a certain group of aircraft that require training common to all aircraft within the group. A type rating is specified if a particular aircraft requires additional specialized training beyond the scope of initial license and aircraft class training. Which aircraft require a type rating is decided by the local aviation authority. Almost all single-engine piston (SEP) or multi-engine piston (MEP) single pilot aircraft can be flown without a type rating, but are covered by a class rating instead.
In the United States, there are seven categories of aircraft, which contain the following classes:
| Single-engine land (ASEL) | Airship |
| Multiengine land (AMEL) | Balloon |
| Single-engine sea (ASES) | |
| Multiengine sea (AMES) | Powered parachute land |
| Helicopter | Powered parachute sea |
| Autogyro | Weight-shift-control aircraft land |
| Weight-shift-control aircraft sea |
Class ratings may have limitations placed upon them. In the United States, if a pilot being examined for a multi-engine rating does not demonstrate the ability to control an aircraft under asymmetric thrust, their multi-engine rating will be endorsed as "Limited-to-Center Thrust". (In the European Union, a multi-engine centreline thrust aeroplane is considered a single-engine aeroplane when being used for an instrument rating skill test.)
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